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Anton Spisak, an economist and associate fellow at the Centre for European Reform, think-tank, questioned its benefit to the UK economy saying that the number of British companies whose products had included significant elements imported from Pem countries was likely to be very small.

John Springford, an economist at the Centre for European Reform, says: “There is little disagreement among economists that Brexit has hurt trade and investment – the argument is only about how much. The Office for Budget Responsibility says it sees no reason to change its view that in the long run the ­economy will be around 4% smaller than if Britain had stayed in.
“The data, which shows sizeable shortfalls in goods trade and ­investment compared to other advanced economies, suggests it is right to do so.”

“In his first term, Trump was obsessed with the U.S. trade deficit with the EU. In his view, this is no different (other than being smaller) to the US concerns about its trade deficit with China,” Zach Meyers, assistant director of the Centre for European Reform, told Fortune. 

Ian Bond, the deputy director for the Centre for European Reform, believes the country [Germany] will remain "top of Trump's (European) hit list."

Deutschland hat durch die stark steigenden Industrieexporte Chinas weltweit am meisten zu verlieren. Zu diesem Schluss kommt eine neue Studie der britischen proeuropäischen Denkfabrik Centre for European Reform. Darin werden vor allem zwei Herausforderungen genannt, die aus Sicht Deutschlands ein Umdenken erfordern: Zum einen die Wettbewerbsstärke Chinas in Industriezweigen, in denen die heimische Wirtschaft bislang führend war, wie der Autoindustrie.

“I think there is absolutely no indication that at the moment Putin is interested in negotiations at all,” said Ian Bond, deputy director of the Centre for European Reform think-tank. “You know, Putin thinks he's winning.”

Trump has threatened to impose high tariffs on Chinese goods, with many predicting that a large portion will be diverted to Europe, which remains relatively open to many Chinese goods.All of this comes ahead of a German federal election in February, which is “haunted by the spectre of deindustrialisation”, wrote analysts in a joint paper from the Centre for European Reform, and the Council on ForeignRelations this week.

A report released today concludes the two are connected, as China is increasingly replacing German imports with goods produced by its own automotive, clean technology and aviation industries, which are also taking over other markets in South America and Asia.  “China’s pivot to aggressive export-led growth is undercutting German manufacturing,” says Sander Tordoir of the Centre for European Reform, who co-authored the report with Brad Setser of the Council on Foreign Relations.