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Aslak Berg, trade policy expert at the Centre for European Reform think-tank, said the list of US trade grievances set out by the Trump administration was so extensive — covering not just tariffs but taxes including VAT and online and environmental regulations — that they could never be satisfied. “The US demands on regulation and taxation amount to regulatory subordination,” he said. “That’s not the kind of demand you’d make if you were looking to make a deal — it’s what you’d propose if you’re looking for an excuse to impose tariffs.”

Het Centre for European Reform ziet tien gevolgen van de verkiezing van Donald Trump. Drie daarvan zijn zowaar positief.

"Where we are at the moment is that the East Europeans by and large, don't need to get the memo," says Ian Bond, deputy director, Centre for European Reform. "The further west you go, the more problematic it becomes until you get to Spain and Italy."

Sander Tordoir, chief economist at the Centre for European Reform, said Europe's stated concerns about the impact of China's export-led industrial model were almost certainly genuine.“[We] share some of the US’s legitimate concerns about Chinese overcapacities,” he said. “Neither Mexico nor Canada run export-driven growth models that undercut European manufacturing.”

Centre for European Reform research fellow Zselyke Csaky said, “This is happening right now, and I know many organizations that will need to shut down,” adding, “By the time European countries respond, there may not be much of the ecosystem to save.”