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Sander Tordoir, from the Centre for European Reform, calculates that surging global interest rates mean that the IMF’s lending to debtor countries could be charged at rates as high as 8 per cent.“In some cases the burden of paying high interest rates to the IMF is worsening rather than alleviating countries’ budgetary woes and hampering their prospects of economic recovery,” Tordoir said. He thinks that the fund should introduce a temporary cap on its lending rates to avoid imposing punishing costs on the world’s poorest countries.

“To me, it is not only a question of what to do about the people that want to come in,” said Camino Mortera Martinez, who leads the Brussels office of the Centre for European Reform. “It is also what to do about the people who are in and not necessarily complying with rules.”

As Charles Grant of the Centre for European Reform points out, this sort of thing is not going to undo much, if any, of the economic damage of the TCA. But I think it is obvious that the first step back to a better relationship with the EU is to be nice, ask politely and show willing.

Centre for European Reform deputy director John Springford’s latest report on the cost of leaving the European Union to the UK economy, published last December, estimates that Brexit had, by the second quarter of 2022, reduced the country’s gross domestic product by 5.5%.

Every jurisdiction is getting tougher on tech mergers,” says Zach Meyers, a senior research fellow at the Center of European Reform, a think tank, adding that regulators are all trying to respond to the concentration of market power in the hands of a few players in the tech industry. Across the EU, UK, and US, regulators are trying to respond to the same problem but in slightly different ways, he says. “So you are going to see, in this period, greater divergence.”

Zach Meyers, from the Centre for European Reform, said the CMA had “made a lot of mistakes and seemed to be fumbling their way through” the case. However, he said the concession extracted by the CMA has helped “send a message” to the tech sector.

Dabei belasten die Auswirkungen des Brexit das Land noch: Der Think Tank Center for European Reform schätzt, dass das Vereinigte Königreich fünf Prozent Wachstum verloren hat seit dem Austritt aus der Europäischen Union.