Centre for European Reform

Sander Tordoir, chief economist at the Centre for European Reform, welcomed the return of subsidies for electric and hybrid vehicles, which will include a "local content" requirement, expected to ease pressure on the beleaguered automotive industry. "Starting by stimulating consumption, in a situation where both domestic and external demand are very weak, is not a bad idea, even if it is not as effective in the long run as investing in infrastructure or education," he said.

Analytical work, including that by Ian Bond of the Centre for European Reform, has documented how Russian forces have shifted from purely military targets to systematic attacks on power generation and distribution, with a significant proportion of capacity knocked out in earlier waves.

Ian Bond, director of foreign policy at the Centre for European Reform, said Putin has shown no interest in compromise. Bond predicted that Trump’s envoy will hear in Moscow that the proposal is merely “a good starting point” but that the “root causes” of the conflict need addressing — meaning, in Putin’s view, Ukraine’s sovereignty and right to make independent foreign and security policy choices.

Analysis by John Springford, an associate fellow at the Centre for European Reform in London, is more optimistic, predicting a GDP boost of between 0.3 and 0.7 percent over ten years as a result of the agreement. The biggest uplifts, he claims, would come from a youth mobility deal.